![]() For more information on moving to 4,096-byte sectors, see. Most hard disk sectors are 512 bytes (but are moving to 4,096 bytes), and CD-ROM sectors are typically 2,048 bytes. § A disk is divided into sectors, which are addressable blocks of fixed size. § Disks are physical storage devices such as a hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray, solid state disk (SSD), or flash. To fully understand the rest of this chapter, you need to be familiar with some basic terminology: We’ll also describe how file system drivers mount volumes they are responsible for managing, and we’ll conclude by discussing drive encryption technology in Windows and support for automatic backups and recovery. In this chapter, we’ll examine how kernel-mode device drivers interface file system drivers to disk media, discuss how disks are partitioned, describe the way volume managers abstract and manage volumes, and present the implementation of multipartition disk-management features in Windows, including replicating and dividing file system data across physical disks for reliability and for performance enhancement. Significant portions of the support Windows provides for removable media and remote storage (offline archiving) are implemented in user mode. Because our focus in this book is on the kernel components of Windows, in this chapter we’ll concentrate on just the fundamentals of the hard disk storage subsystem in Windows, which includes support for external disks and flash drives. Windows provides specialized support for each of these classes of storage media. The term storage encompasses many different devices, including optical media, USB flash drives, floppy disks, hard disks, solid state disks (SSDs), network storage such as iSCSI, storage area networks (SANs), and virtual storage such as VHDs (virtual hard disks). Storage management defines the way that an operating system interfaces with nonvolatile storage devices and media. ![]() Windows Internals, Sixth Edition, Part 2 (2012) Chapter 9.
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